MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AS OF DECEMBER 2025
Air Temperature
In Russia, temperature trends did not essentially change in December: their general markers were cold anomalies in Siberia and Yakutia, and warm anomalies west and east of this seat. Frosts in Yakutia, Evenkiya and the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were -50…-55° or below. Very cold spells down to -35° were also recorded in the Russian North. Moreover, while the average anomalies did not fall below -2…-4° in the first decade, they reached as cold as -6…-10° in the second one. At the same time, abnormal warmth spread across the ETR and the north of the Far East, with new daily maxima of air temperature in the north-west and north of the ETR as well as in Kolyma, Chukotka and Kamchatka.
In terms of final monthly averages, a huge area of cold anomalies extended from the north-eastern ETR regions throughout the Northern Urals, most of Siberia and Yakutia and the entire Trans-Baikal: there, the monthly-averaged air temperature was 2-8° below normal. However, the weather in December was about 2° warmer than usual in most of the ETR, in the south of the Urals and of Western Siberia, 2-12° warmer in the north-east of the country. In the Central Federal District, this December closed the top ten warmest in the history of meteorological observations since 1891, but in the rest of Russia, it was far from such feats.
As to the entire 2025, the picture was completely different: alongside 2024, this year in Russia was the second warmest in the meteorological chronicle, with the leading position still awarded to 2020 when the average air temperature in Russia exceeded 0° only once in the history of regular meteorological observations. All of the ETR as well as the Volga region and the Central Federal District separately received a record-breaking amount of heat in 2025 and enjoyed the ever-high annual air temperature. The North-Western and Central Federal Districts were ranked the second warmest in the ranking list, while the Southern and Siberian ones, the third warmest.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AS OF NOVEMBER 2025
Air Temperature
The weather in the ETR was abnormally warm almost all November. Average air temperature anomalies were 2-5° or higher in the first decade of the month, and 2-7° or more in the second and third decades. New daily temperature maxima were recorded in the Russian North, Central Russia, the Volga region, the Lower Volga, the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the North Caucasian republics, Crimea, and the Azov region.
In the Urals, the decade-averaged air temperature was close to normal or even slightly less than that in the first decade only, but the extreme warmth which arrived in the region later on resulted in temperature averages 6-9 or more degrees higher than the normal value. The all-time temperature maxima were measured in the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Regions and in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District.
In Siberia, the weather in November was abnormally cold in the north and abnormally warm in the south, with the decade-averaged temperatures 2-6° below normal in the north and about the same value above in the south.