MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AS OF JULY 2025
Air temperature
Cold air that spread over the Russian Plain in the second half of June retained its positions at the beginning of July, but now in the north of the ETR and in the Volga region only, whereas in the south, abnormal heat arrived (with the first decade anomalies of +2…3° or higher), creating new temperature maxima in Central Russia and Crimea at the end of the first decade. In the second decade, the heat strengthened to even greater extent: the normal values for the decade were exceeded by 2-4° almost in the entire ETR, and new temperature maxima were recorded in the Azov region, New Russia and the Rostov Region in the south, in the Ivanovo, Ryazan and Vladimir Regions in the centre, and in the Leningrad Region, the Republic of Karelia and the White Sea coast in the north-west. The weather remained exceedingly hot in the third decade, when temperature maxima were updated from the Kola Peninsula to the North Caucasus, including the Leningrad and Murmansk Regions, Karelia, the North Caucasian Republics, Crimea, the Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions, the Krasnodar Territory, etc. However, in the north of the ETR, frosts already started to appear: light frosts were observed in the north-east of the Komi Republic.
In the Urals, the abnormally warm weather of the first decade changed to cool or even abnormally cold one in the next days of the month. At times, the cold permeated to Siberia and to the Far East, but did not reach record-breaking low temperatures there, with the exception of Chukotka where new temperature minima were set in the second decade. In contrast, there were many records of warmth on Sakhalin, in the Khabarovsk Territory on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, in the Altai Territory or the Republics of Altai and Tyva in the south of Siberia, and in Yakutia. High positive temperature anomalies were measured in the second half of the month in Yakutia, in the south of the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Amur region, in Primorye and on Sakhalin.
As a result, the average temperature in July 2025 turned out to be close to normal. The normal values were notably exceeded in the south of the ETR only (with +2° or higher anomalies). In the North-Caucasian Federal District, this July was the second warmest in the history of observations; there, the monthly-averaged temperature was higher in July 2024 only. The temperature averages in Primorye and on Sakhalin were also two or more degrees higher than normal.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AS OF JUNE 2025
Air temperature
The abnormally warm weather settled in the ETR in May remained there at the beginning of June, with new temperature maxima recorded in the south of the ETR and in the Middle Urals. Such warmth in early June has not been seen in the Urals for more than fifty years. The decade-averaged temperature anomalies were 2-3° in most of the European territory, and up to 4-5° in the Urals. Everything changed radically in the second half of the month, when the Arctic cold hit the Russian Plain. New temperature minima were recorded in some places in Central Russia, and it came to frosts in the Russian North. The anomalies in the second and third decades amounted to -2…-3°.
In Siberia and the Far East, the trends were quite different: in the north, the air temperature was sub-normal almost the entire month, and in the south, the same was observed in some places in the first decade only. Further south in Siberia and in the Far East, the weather was abnormally warm with the decade-averaged temperature anomalies reaching +3-4° or more and new daily temperature maxima recorded again and again. The air heated up to 34-36° in the Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and Irkutsk Regions, in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the Republic of Tyva and in Trans-Baikal; the thermometers indicated up to 30-35° in Primorye.
Eventually in terms of the monthly averages, the European territory as well as the north of the Far East were in the cold weather zone (negative anomalies of monthly-averaged temperature), whereas the eastern areas of the Volga region, the Urals, the south of Western Siberia, and Primorye were in the warm weather zone (positive anomalies of monthly-averaged temperature).