MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF SEPTEMBER 2019
Air Temperature
In the ETR, the weather was abnormally warm in the first decade of September only. From the Barents Sea to the Sea of Azov, the decade-averaged air temperatures exceeded the normal values by 3-4° or more. During this period, new daily maxima of temperatures were recorded in the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Moscow and Tula Regions as well as in the Republic of Karelia.
In the second decade, the anomalies subsided and the temperature background normalised in most of the ETR, whereas in the third decade, the colds suddenly arrived so that the resulting decade-averaged temperature amounted to 2-4° below the normal value. Absolute temperature minima were recorded in the Lower Volga Region, frosts came to Central Russia, and new record-breaking colds were observed in certain regions.
In overall, the temperature distribution in most of the ETR was close to normal in September. The Volga Federal District and partially the South Federal District were the only areas where the weather was noticeably colder than usual. Since the beginning of the century, such cold September in the former District was only observed in 2008. In the Orenburg Region, the monthly-averaged air temperature was two or more degrees below its normal value.
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF AUGUST 2019
Air Temperature
Cold July weather seemed to get stuck for long in the European Territory of Russia. It dominated in the ETR for the whole first decade of August. Numerous events of record-breaking cold were reported in the north-west and midland parts of Russia. Everywhere from the western border to the Urals, the decade-averaged air temperatures dropped below their normal values, by 2° in most of the ETR and by 4-6° in the South-West Federal District and in the north of the Central Federal District.
Some or the other way, the weather became a bit warmer in the second decade. But in the north, it remained colder than ever, with ground frosts observed for the first time. Low temperatures were also recorded in the Lower Volga Region. Yet, the temperature distribution in most of the ETR was close to normal, or showed a 2-3° increase in the south.
However, cold weather returned in the third decade again. In the Central Black Earth Region and in the Volga Region, it came to unprecedented levels. Frosts were reported in many areas including the Moscow Region. As a result, the monthly-averaged temperature was 1-2° lower than usual in the North-West and Volga Regions and in a large part of the Central Federal District. It should be noted that cold August is not very rare in this part of Russia: as a rule, it happens once in 5-10 years.
A completely different picture was observed beyond the Urals. In Siberia, the weather was hot almost the whole month. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kemerovo Region, Republics of Tyva and Khakassia, and in the Taimyr, new daily temperature maxima were recorded. In the outcome, this August in Siberia became the second hottest after August 1998 in the history meteorological observations.